Opinion Poll and Strong Public Opinion

FRQ: Public Opinion Public assessments of public sentiment are an approach to interface the general population with chose authorities. Individuals from Congress frequently use surveys to comprehend the perspectives on their constituents, yet they should likewise focus on other political contemplations. a. Recognize two attributes of a substantial, logical, popular assessment of public sentiment. b. Clarify why every one of the accompanying improves the impact of general assessment on the democratic choices of individuals from Congress. †¢ Strong general sentiment as communicated in surveying results Competitive re-races c. Clarify why every one of as far as possible the impact of general assessment on the democratic choices of individuals from Congress. †¢ Legislators’ casting a ballot records †¢ Party initiative 6 focuses Part (a): 2 focuses One point is earned for each right distinguishing proof of a trait of a substantial, logical general assessment of public sentiment. Satisfactory attributes may incorporate the accompanying: †¢ Randomized example †¢ Representative example †¢ Question wording (unprejudiced, unambiguous) Large example size/low wiggle room Part (b): 2 focuses One point is earned for a right clarification of why every one of the accompanying improves the impact of popular feeling on the democratic choices of individuals from Congress. †¢ Strong popular sentiment as communicated in surveying results o Because of the longing to get reappointed/appointive aspiration o Because of the apparent commitment/obligation to speak to their constituents †¢ Competitive re-appointments o Because of the craving to get reappointed Part (c): 2 pointsOne point is earned for a right clarification of why every one of as far as possible the impact of general conclusion on the democratic choices of individuals from Congress. †¢ Legislators’ casting a ballot records o To abstain from being seen as ambivalent by voters/supporters †¢ Party initiative: o To maintain a strategic distance from the danger of losing party bolster o To pick up party bolster A score of zero (0) is alloted to an answer that is endeavored however gains no focuses. A score of run (â€) is doled out to an answer that is clear or off errand.

NATURAL SELECTION AND ECOLOGY Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Common SELECTION AND ECOLOGY - Research Paper Example Other significant attributes of marine wetland are that they fluctuate with quality of tidal, influx of water that influences the water levels. They likewise change with the limit of halophytes brought about by the present impact of salt open minded plants. Fluidly, sub tidal marine areas along the water bodies are uncovered in a periodical way as clear in many examples. Fluidly, shoreline and sea shores are landforms that are found along the beach front side of a water body that incorporate sea, ocean, lake or streams. In Mexico, sea shores typically comprise of free particles that are created through organic methods for the most part. The particles includes mollusk shells or coralline green growth. They are made out of rocks that incorporate sand, rock, shingle and so on. As substantiated by Pallardy (2014), sea shores and shorelines are found in many occasions along the coastline. Solid wave and current activity stores including revamp silt describe them. Most sea shores have different infrastructural set ups that are utilized to help human exercises, for example, lifeguard posts, changing rooms including showers. They additionally have accommodation areas or segments, for example, resorts, lodgings where visiting people have some rest. As noted, nearshore benthic natural surroundings are species that occupies at the sea floor in various settings. The people group or species are impacted by the physical unsettling influences inside the structure and utilitarian framework in marine environment. States of condition inside the marine close to shore regions contrast enormously depending of the physical aggravation. They are described by different physical unsettling influences that thusly influence the concurrence of plants and creatures. The key aggravations influencing the natural conditions in the areas incorporate ice and oil as apparent along the water body in Mexico. Specifically, the spill of oil in the Mexican ocean has prompted the contamination of

And sometimes why

And sometimes why DID YOU KNOW? There is a free-food at mit dot edu mailing list, just for people who are interested in scavenging for free food in random locations at MIT? For those of you just joining me, you might be wondering why my site is advertised as sam.mitblogs.com and yet consists pretty much entirely of pictures of me standing in front of various European landmarks. Well, heres why. So I got to MIT three years ago and I found out that pretty much everybody is bilingual. No, really. A lot of people just seem to know another language because their parents or grandparents spoke it around the house. Also, a lot of upperclassmen are interested in foreign countries like Japan and China, so they end up taking those languages at MIT. But then you also find random people from Ohio or Utah or something who are fluent in Spanish or French or Italian for no apparent reason. David, my freshman year roommate, was a Mexican who went to school in Brazil. He spoke perfect (if sometimes profane) English, Spanish, and Portuguese, and also French (just for fun). So sometime over the next two years, I decided that if I didnt learn a foreign language, I would be an utter failure as a person. I was losing my tenuous grasp of high school Spanish day by day, and all I had really known to begin with was I went to the mall and bought a pretty shirt. So, in my fifth semester at MIT, I enrolled in German I. My high school math teacher had told me that every scientist should know German in order to be able to read international journals, and I am easily influenced by casual suggestions from other people. Language classes at MIT meet, in general, four days a week for one hour per day. Depending on the semester, there is usually a 9 AM option and an afternoon option. Since only 32 classes at MIT out of over 1000 start before 10 AM, its usually not too difficult to fit a language class into your already busy schedule. I have had the fortune of taking at least one 9 AM class every semester since I got to MIT. On the third or fourth day of class, Dr. Sigrid Berka came in, wearing boots, as she nearly always does. She explained the MISTI MIT-Germany Program to us. She said that there was a super-special information session that afternoon where previous program participants would tell us all about their internships, and there would also be free pizza (ding!). I had really wanted to check out industry work this summerI had spent the past two working on UROPs at MIT, and while thats a great opportunity too, I didnt want to become too strictly focused on academics. Also, free plus pizza equals crazy delicious. At the meeting, speakers who had worked in Germany last summer told us all about the many, many European countries they had visited and how wonderful Germany was. Afterwards, I set up a meeting with Dr. Berka and told her that I was a chemical engineer. She immediately gave me the names of 4 companies to apply to (BASF, Altana Pharma, Merck, and Bayer), and told me to hand in my resume, cover letters, and faculty recommendations as soon as possible. With Mitras help, I wrote some passable cover letters (in English) that night, and applied in early November. Two weeks later, I was celebrating that one wonderful day when I got accepted. Having summer plans 5 months in advance of most of the rest of MIT is really a beautiful thing. Now, my credentials are okay, but the real reason that I got accepted is probably that Dr. Berka is awesome at her job, which is basically just making connections between German companies and finding internships for people. Yesterday, she was even at Bayer to work out a partnership such that even more MIT students could find internships (there are 3 this year). Out of about 100 MISTI interns abroad this term, more than 50 are in Germany. Other countries in which you can find internships include Spain, Italy, France, China, Japan, India, and Mexico. The countries require various levels of fluencyGermany required two semesters, which I had, while India doesnt need any. Now that Im in Germany, Im applying the enjoy the power and beauty of your youth concept and attempting to see every single city in Western Europe in the space of 12 weekends plus 6 vacation days. So, between my other MIT friends here and I, were seeing Kv?ln, Koblenz, Mainz, Stuttgart, Nice, Munich, Bonn, Berlin, Barcelona, Dv?sseldorf, Brussels, Zurich, Venice, Florence, Pisa, Rome, Paris, London, and God help me I want to get to Montreux, Switzerland. Unexpectedly, we also made tons of friends in our dorm and try to hang out with them all the time, too. Its a shame that I can only be here for 3 months, because the environment at homeliving in a dorm with young people from dozens of different countriesreally rocks also. So, thats what this summers blogging has to do with MIT. Im in Europe through the MISTI program, practicing my German and visiting as many cities as humanly possible by spending my entire summer salary and maybe dipping into reserves that I earned as a deskworker in Burton-Conner or in my turkey-oil alchemy UROP. Basically, MIT rocks, Dr. Sigrid Berka rocks, Germany rocks, it rocks to be Sam M***** at this point in time, and I want to show you with this blog how awesome my summer is because of MIT. Ill tell you all about MIT student life when I get back to Boston in September and resume my life as an MIT student. Until then, I can acknowledge some of your comments, too if you commented recently with a query or intriguing statement, I went back and responded to it!

The Issue Of Vaping And Smoking - 1486 Words

Table of Contents Page 1 Title Page Page 2 Table of Contents Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 INTRODUCTION I am writing this report on the issue of vaping and smoking. I will go into detail explaining the effect of vaping and smoking in the human body and the effect it as on society. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of vaporing will be provided. In this report I will include statistical illustrations and diagrams on how it affects the society and draw conclusions with the given evidence. I have decided to research this topic because of how much smoking has affected the people especially younger people in the society. Vaping An electronic cigarette other known as a†¦show more content†¦The article then goes on to say â€Å"But the use of e-cig can cause inflammation in the lungs and makes them more vulnerable to infection. Nicotine from any type of cigarette can raise rate and blood pressure because nicotine acts as a stimulate and prompts adrenaline rush in the body. E-ci are not regulated by the FDA although the agency are working on changing it.† What are the effect of smoking to the human body? Both the E-Cig and normal cigarettes both contain a common chemical which is called Nicotine. Nicotine is highly addictive substance in smoke if inhaled into the lungs of alveoli, this reaches the human brain in six seconds. Nicotine in slight pile acts as a stimulant to the human brain, and in bigger pile, acts as s depressant, which mostly hinder the flow of signals that’s between the nerve cells in the body. Even bigger doses it’s a life threatening poison that affects the heart, blood vessels and hormones in the human body. When Nicotine gets to the bloodstream it causes the smoker feel calmer. Another chemical present in smokesShow MoreRelatedShould Electronic Cigarettes Be Banned?911 Words   |  4 PagesBACKGROUND While the rate of traditional cigarette smoking in the United States, including California, has decreased, the rates of electronic cigarette smoking, known as vaping, has drastically increased. In 2013 2.6 percent of all Americans used electronic cigarettes, including 3.5 percent of all Californians. While the 2015 statistic for California has not been released, nationwide that number has jumped to 10 percent1. Electronic cigarettes are often marketed as a safe alternative to traditionalRead MoreAmerica s Vaping Revolution : How Suspicious Should We Really Be Of The E Cigarette Craze941 Words   |  4 PagesA major issues we face today is how un-informed people are on the vaping world also known as e-cigarettes. For that I have chosen an article called America’s vaping revolution: How suspicious should we really be of the e-cigarette craze by Noah Charney posted on Sunday, Dec 7th, 2014. This article is about what e-cigarettes are, where they came from and their uses and effe cts that they can cause. I’m choosing this article because vaping (smoking E-cigarettes) is something that not a lot of peopleRead MorePersuasive Essay Smoking896 Words   |  4 PagesVaping is often seen as a safe or safer route to smoking. It is also relatively new to the market, only hitting the mainstream over the past decade. Due to the fact that it hasn’t been a part of the public consciousness for as long as cigarette smoking, there is a lot of people that still do not fully understand about it. Smoking is an evil habit that millions of people around the world have adapted. However, luckily vaporizers have become a huge trend in the smoking world. â€Å"About 3.7% of adultsRead MoreThe Vapors And E Cigs939 Words   |  4 Pagesan electronic cigarette, meant to be a substitute for cigarette smokers. E-cigs maybe the best alternative to cigarettes, although vaping presents just as many health issues as smoking. In general the side effects for vaping are as fallow: Dry skin, dry mouth, Rash/burning sensation on face, itchiness, puffy/dry eyes, caffeine sensitivity and minor bloody nose issues. The E-cigs produce vapor, not smoke, to allow smokers to consume their nicotine without affecting the people around them. Some consumersRead MoreEssay On E-Cigs741 Words   |  3 PagesThe Surgeon General is the top doctor in the United States. He is nominated by the president of the US, after which the Senate confirms him or her. Once confirmed, he becomes the spokesman for the issues of public health organizations within the United States. He is in charge of the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. Holding such a high seat, SG reports are always considered to be impartial and factual. Every one of the SG reports are very authoritative and can make or break the targetedRead MoreUsing Vaporizing Pens Are Becoming A Very Popular Trend Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagese-cigarette, is growing popularity among those attempting to quit smoking. Young people are using vaporizing pens as a â€Å"safe alternative† to smoking. This issue needs to be addressed. Vaping is a lot m ore convenient than smoking traditional cigarettes. At a push of a button nicotine is being released. There also aren’t any laws or regulations on vapor pens like there are for traditional cigarettes. Vape pens also aren’t being used for just smoking nicotine. They are often used to smoke other types of drugsRead MoreEthical Controversy Of E Cigarettes1148 Words   |  5 Pagesway of inhaling nicotine without the health effects of smoking tobacco. They were developed to provide the tobacco user with a device that would heat up liquid nicotine and other chemicals including carcinogens that once heated would create a vapor in which the user would inhale. Unlike cigarettes, nothing is burned, and there is no smoke released from the device. E-cigarettes are marketed to the consumer as a better way of quitting smoking or just sustaining the craving of tobacco by allowingRead MoreHuman Exposure And The Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease Development1237 Words   |  5 Pages PM2.5, epidemiological and clinical studies suggest a strong association between human exposure to PM2.5 and the risk of cardiovascular disease development. These studies have shown that exposure to PM2.5 from ambient air pollution and/or tobacco smoking is linked to a number of cardiovascular conditions including hypertension126, coronary artery disease127, myocardial infarction128, 129, atherosclerosis126, and arrhythmia130. To this end, short term exposure ( 24 hours) to PM2.5 is associated withRead MoreSmoke and Mirrors: Controversy over Electronic Cigarette Regulation1405 Words   |  6 Pagespublic library, he’s a genuinely nice guy, and he’s a smoker. A few months ago, John Doe decided that he wanted to minimize his health risks from smoking cigarettes, so he switched to a new alternative: an e-cigarette. Electronic cigarettes contain no tobacco, and vaporize a vegetable glycerol fluid that contains nicotine, mimicking the feeling of smoking a burn cigarette without the tar, dangerous gases, and unpleasant smell (Block). In most states, smokers can â€Å"vape† in public places with theirRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes : Research Paper1236 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the past years more and more issues have been arising from this product that was originally assumed to be harmless. Now we are faced with the question are they really as safe as we thought or should increase investigation to see what they are really capable of. So far researchers have discovered many issues with the electronic cigarettes and every month more and more issues begin the surface the air. From explosion to toxic material. These issues will not only affect their users but anyone

Does It Matter If You Get Bad Grades

Grades matter when it comes to meeting future education goals, but goals and weighted GPAs are very different from one student to the next. For most students, the two biggest factors when it comes to grades are potential for scholarship awards and potential for college acceptance. Middle School Grades   Frankly, the most important goal for middle school students is to learn. Students must establish a solid foundation in the middle grades to be successful in high school. But dont stress: there is some good news here if youve already earned bad grades in middle school. Sometimes students can learn what they need to learn in middle school, but still, receive a bad report card because of poor attendance from illness or because of a bad experience. If your grades are bad in middle school, it probably wont hurt your chances of getting into your college of choice, or even receiving scholarship offers for college, as long as you have learned what you need to learn for high school! And if you havent learned what you need to in class, you can review on your own. A possible exception to this is receiving a bad grade in an honors class (usually in eighth grade) that counts as high school credit. The bad grade may be included in your high school GPA. Even so, you can recover from this, and most colleges will consider the situation and/or allow you to explain. High School Grades High school grades do matter when it comes to earning scholarships for college and being accepted into your college of choice. If your dreams are lofty and you have your heart set on one specific college, then you must take your grades seriously. You should avoid grade problems ahead of time if you become ill and have to miss class, or if you have a serious situation in your life that might impact your grades. You can sometimes avoid bad grades by simply communicating with your teacher. But just for the record, it is usually not a good idea to pin your hopes and dreams on a single college. This can cause stress and pressure, and that can do even more harm. In the event that you are already stuck with a bad grade point average in high school and you really want to go to college — you dont have to despair, really. You just have to be flexible about the type of college you are willing to attend, and you may have to prepare to pay your way through college with your family funds or through financial aid. Public colleges may have a rigid minimum GPA requirement, and they may not have the flexibility to consider each situation individually. If you find that you do not meet a minimum GPA requirement for universities in your state, you may have a few options. Many universities have set up alternative paths or plans for students who dont meet minimum entrance requirements. This type of program might involve an intense, challenging (and expensive) summer program that students must complete for fall acceptance, or it might involve a transfer program that requires that students start at a local community college and earn enough credits to allow them to transfer into the university of choice. College Grades Once students make it to college, they might think its okay to relax when it comes to grades. That can be dangerous! College grades matter when it comes to staying in college, receiving and keeping financial aid, and getting into a graduate school, if that is a goal. College grades can also matter when it comes to getting a good job. First, it is important to know that your first semester of college can be the most critical one when it comes to finishing college and keeping your financial aid. If you have too much fun and earn bad grades in your first semester, you can lose your financial aid - and earn a ticket home. This happens to thousands of college students every year, so beware this nightmare scenario. Secondly, your grades matter when it comes to getting accepted into certain majors, and students who mess up in the first semester can also sabotage their own future plans with bad grades, by locking themselves out of a major with a single failing grade. For example, it is not unusual for a specific degree program to have a C or Better policy in science courses. If you take a lab science in your first semester and earn a D, that can lock you out of several degree programs. Another reason to keep your college grades up is for graduate school acceptance. Many careers require advanced degrees — so you may have to go through a second college search once youve earned your first college degree. Your GPA is a critical factor for this. Finally, it might surprise you to know that some employers ask for college transcripts. A few bad grades might not hurt in this instance, but your overall performance will be a factor for some potential employers.

Should Child Welfare Regulations Be Changed Essay

The question on the minds of a lot of people is: â€Å"Should child welfare regulations be changed?† I was once falsely accused of child neglect and the experience that I had was one, that after a decent amount of research, seemed very similar to some other people who had been falsely accused. Never have I agreed with the way that the Department of Child Services (DCS) does their job, but after dealing with them first hand, I was able to see their flaws in an up close and personal way. Another reason I decided to write about the much needed changes to DCS is because of the way that they failed child by the name of Jeremiah Williams. The mistakes made in his case, on the part of DCS, ended up costing this child his life. This†¦show more content†¦The reasons in which DCS can remove children from the home has since grown. (Myers, 2008). Parents primarily are the ones that have been tasked with protecting our children from as much danger as possible. Parents, both fit and unfit, are the main reason that DCS is needed in the first place. There are good parents out there that provide loving and stable homes for their children. There are also bad parents that do not care one way or the other about their children. This brings us to our first problem. Those bad parents and their lack of ability to take care of their children for whatever reason in why DCS is needed. The good parents live in fear of losing their children despite doing the right thing, while the irresponsible and neglectful parents go unpunished. The good parents have to fight tooth and nail to get their children back, while the bad ones just have to attend a few measly parenting classes in order to get their children back. The really mind boggling cases are the ones where the parents who have had their children removed from them multiple times for the same offenses. It seems that each time they are able to get their children back with ease, leading to our second and probably most difficult problem. DCS officials and lawmakers are important to this debate because they are the ones that have the power push through changes in current child welfareShow MoreRelatedOur Current US Welfare System Is in Urgent Need of Reform Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare is a government program that provides food, money, housing, medical care, and other things people need in order to survive. These programs are designed to help elderly, children, disabled individuals who cannot support their families on their current income. In order to qualify for assistance the individual’s income must be below the poverty line. There are about sixty assistance programs, however most people receive help though Social Security, Medicaid, food stamps and Temporary AssistanceRead MoreInequality and Redistribution1384 Words   |  5 Pageswas Finnish policies that changed Finland from a very poor and unhappy country in the early 20th century to the â€Å"best† country today. One of the most prominent changes Finland made was creating one of the world’s most generous welfare s ystems in the world. Finland’s goals were to â€Å"improve the economy and simultaneously eradicate poverty†; these goals supported each other very well. In America, it is often embarrassing to be on social welfare; but in Finland the â€Å"welfare benefits and services areRead MoreNature and Social problems1091 Words   |  5 PagesNature and Social of the Social Problem Child abuse and neglect has been a prevalent problem throughout history and although progress has been made, it continues to till today. Children are subjected to the treatment of the adults surrounding them and have limited capacity to make their own decisions and protect themselves. Children are often defenseless and end up being taken advantage of and this can lead to abuse and neglect, including sexual, psychological, and physical abuse that cause short-termRead MoreHarry Potter, By J. K. Rowling Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pages Stands for the Society for the Promotion of Elfish Welfare. (Rowling 224). She started the organization at the beginning of her fourth year in response to what she saw as gross injustice in the treatment of house-elves at the 1994 Quidditch World Cup. Having been deeply upset at the treatment and general prospects of house-elves, Hermione set up S.P.E.W. in order to gain an improvement of their rights. J.K. Rowling was influenced by the child labor laws and the animal right laws that were put intoRead MorePolicy Is A Fundamental Aspect Of All Agencies. Policies1428 Words   |  6 Pagesdecisions, provide instruction, protect employees, and increase accountability if something goes wrong. Policies are especially important in social welfare agencies. Policies help protect clients and help to make their lives better. Policies help social welfare workers to remain unbiased and put the client first. These policies are very important to all social welfare agencies. KVC is one agency that values and implements policy on a daily basis. KVC helps children and families by providing medical and behavioralRead MoreThe Effects Of Childcare And Non Parental Guardians1323 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide for the care of a child or children whose birthparent is unable to care for them. Foster care is not where juvenile delinquents go. It is where children go when their parents cannot, for a variety of reasons, care for them. Foster care can be informal or arranged through the courts or a social service agency. The goal for a child in the foster care system is usually reunification with the birth family, but may be changed to adoption when this is seen in the child s best interest. While fosterRead MoreEssay on A Womans Right1116 Words   |  5 Pagesrape by the State.† Abortion should ultimately be the decision of the mother who is carrying the child, and the government should have no say in what the mother can or cannot do with her own body. There are various scenarios where a woman needs the option of having an abort ion. However, there must be strict medical guidelines placed for those who seek an abortion, so that unsafe abortions do not occur. That being said, even though there should be some government regulation of abortion practices, governmentRead MoreThe Three-Ring Prison Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesWhen adults take their children to the circus, they expect their child to be mesmerized. What is there for a child not to be captivated by? Between the dazzling display of lights, the vast amount of animals, and the entertaining clowns all over the place, the circus is a great experience for any child. While the tigers are jumping through hoops of fire, the elephants are being prepared to go out into the center ring. The audience is going wild and the children are screaming in excitement. BeforeRead MoreSociological Perspective On Human Behavior1544 Words   |  7 Pages Significant developments from the welfare state William Beveridge was born 5th March 1879 in India and trained as a lawyer. In 1941, the government authorised a report that Britain should be repaired after world War Two. Beveridge was to take charge of this report. Beveridge produced this report in 1942 and advised the Government should find ways to overcome the deprived and poor the five Giant Evil’s (Appendix 4) The new prime minister introduced the welfare state in 1942 from the Beveridge ReportRead MoreAdoption Is A Social Justice Issue1135 Words   |  5 PagesIssue Statement Adoption is the act or fact of adopting or being adopted; to legally take another’s child or bring up as one’s own. When a child is adopted, that child moves permanently from one family to another family. In the process, all parental rights are legally transferred to the new parents. This means adoptive parents have the same rights and responsibilities as parents whose children were born to them. It also means adopted children have all the emotional, social, legal, and familial benefits

Customer Relationship Management Capability -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Customer Relationship Management Capability? Answer: Introducation The consistent strategic reconfiguration is a crucial trend in the modern changing business world, this necessity and theory urges an introduction of relevant alternatives in the strategic management involved in the various organizations, supporting the marketing plans and the long-term sustainability of the infrastructure. However, change is never considered to be fully proofed in any research, especially with the changing trends involved in the marketing procedures. Strategic management is a formulation, which when implemented utilizing the correct techniques helps in achieving the set objectives for the particular business. This involves a descriptive model introducing the initiatives from the higher-level management (Laudon et al. 2012). The management plans involves the consideration of different aspects inclusive of availabilities of resources, networking and surely an elaborate research to assess the market conditions and potential customer-demands. The aspect of strategic man agement Accounting (SMA) supports the necessity to merge objectives with the information relative to the accounting to benefit the productivity of the organization (Barney 2012). The results thus proves that strategic management channelizes the energy and the resources in the correct path to obtain sustainability of a profound foundation. This report introduces the various possible approaches towards alternative methodologies in strategic management. Alongside, providing few mitigations for the existing limitations are suggestive. Discussion: strategic management is a measure to access the business in a proper method ensuring growth in profitability. This is an artistic and simultaneously a scientific way to enable an organization to achieve its targets (Brodie and Mylopoulos 2012). The procedures involved are reconfigured on an annual or quarterly criterion. Certain strategic models are implemented to provide the guide to achieve efficiency in performances. Based on the literature reviews, categorized processes are strategized to meet the requirements. Among many one proposed approach is the linear approach towards strategic management (Hitt et al. 2012). Standard Linear Approach to Strategic Management: This strategy focuses on the procedures involved in the planning or strategizing the objectives for the business solely optimized on the present competencies and provides descriptive methodologies that would prove to beneficial for the development of the organization and the ways to achieve the goals (Hill et al. 2014). The prime stages involved in the approach involves managing the profit figurative and ensuring a standard service level. The aspect to visualize and set values following the stakeholder engagement with the organization is a crucial step. The value-based business requires a constant revision of the methodologies and information involved in the process of progress. To run a successful business infrastructure the environmental research and analysis is an important step towards securing the profit and the brand position. In other words, a SWOT analysis, determining the strengths, weakness, opportunities and the threats present surrounding the planning and strategizing for the business orientations (Wang and Feng 2012). The prime and an initial step in this type of approach is properly defining the goals and objectives the organization or Company aims for, which is best explained and briefed utilizing business models, that is subjected to provide a transparent view towards methodologies to be implemented to acquire sustainability. This step in the strategic management also ensures the consideration of the available sources for the manufacturing processes and the known competencies of the organization for the correct implementation of procedures. Another important aspect is the integrated yearly planning (Lee and Saen 2012). This approach also prioritizes the prospects of marketing, financial and human resource management, alongside the operational management. All these interlink and complement each other as important segments, the designs and improvisation ensures the same. An example to this kind of approach is presented by considering the segment s upporting the marketing strategies, which must focus on the preparations involving revenue targets-details and the potential and existing demands from the customer base. Employees in an organization deserve a proper training and briefing regarding the general objectives to know their responsibilities towards the company. This steps is potential to introduce the opportunity to maximize the profit-levels (Rothaermel 2015). This section while dealing with the profit and performance details for the organization is ultimately capable of determining the exact execution process followed by the organization. Financial management is also considered to optimize the profit and provides an update version relative to strategic planning and the decisions. Operational management subjected to productivity determines the proper supply chain and delivery procedures to maximize the efficiency of an organization, which in turn would help in securing a better employee management and customer relationships. Shortcomings Involved In Approaches: There are various advantageous measures ensuring strategic management that is easily visible but involving certain limitations or shortcomings as well. Strategic management primarily enforced planning towards a long-term goal towards profitability by leveraged potentials, maximized opportunities and thus availability of competitive advantage is achieved. Alongside the effectiveness, there are few failures and complexities, which are difficult to manage or handle. This is a complex and simultaneously a time-consuming process. An elaboration in brief on the various limitations is enlisted in this section of the report, especially surrounding the implementation process connected to this model (Rothaermel 2015). Strategic management comprises of the assessments directed to the analysis of the different external and internal environments that prove to be critical at times. Control management is another issue that needs a consistent overview. These factors are to a great extent interconnected, any change or downfall in regards to one of these is capable enough to adversely affect the entire infrastructure, posing a threat to leadership and integrity of the Company. In this fast era of change, this is a hectic and time-consuming process as most of it is invested in systematic planning, approaches to communicate and the researches involved to ensure a rise in market position and profitability, that can impede the day-to-day activities weakening the productivity level (Barney 2012). Implementation difficulties ar e another major issue to focus on before setting expectations of profitability. A persistent employee engagement with the senior-level management system is an extreme necessity. The selection of a correct leader ensuring a skillful strategized plan including innovative measures enduring the risk management is an essentiality towards a sustainable system. The management should have the foresight to anticipate any future risks to develop the risk management plan appropriately. Stakeholder Approach towards Strategic Management: Variant approaches relative to strategic management with constant revision and reconfigurations are established to build a profound structure. Stakeholder approach towards strategic management in a business is introduced in this part of the report. This idea is formulated to each one who holds a prime expertise in the business world. Upon the implementation of this model, it potentially integrates the stakeholders, employees, the customer base and the other potential partners by connecting their prime interests. This approach imposes a priority on the active type of system focusing on the business relationships and promotions (Asif et al. 2013). This approach consists of distinctive features. Firstly, a single strategic framework is offered in this approach, which provides support in management of the changes with respect to the environment relevant to the business criteria exempting the requirement of reconfiguration inclusive of roles and codes, regularly. This approach deals in ma nagement rather than in the planning procedures presenting a direct guideline to excel utilizing the methodologies and contrasting to the former, it helps in determining the benefits. The approach focuses on the sustainability of the organization. This approach is capable of balancing and integrating multiple targets. Stakeholder concept in all possible ways looks forward for the establishment of the relationships that would prove to be beneficial in the long-term process. This ensures a value-based infrastructure that integrates the political, economical and moral judgments. This is a descriptive methodology, which needs to examine the facts and literature to suggest directions for the betterment. This influential technique enforces creation rather than adaptation. This approach leads to a strategic decision-making. This method provides a business-satisfaction to multiple stakeholders rather than being biased with single perspectives. Developments relative to this approach has introduced the normative theories in the business to ensure a long-term investment surrounding fore-sighted objectives and relativities. This approach towards a corporate and organizational management theory is stabilized by comparing with the traditional aspects that concentrates on pleasing the stakeholders unlike the modern approach to rather benefit them. Social performance and responsibility is important in this approach. Dynamic Capabilities in Strategic Management: Next in the alternatives, the dynamic capabilities in the strategic management with the objective to provide a support coherent to the function of integrating existing concepts, the researched descriptive knowledge and perceptions of facilities (Teece 2012). This approach assumes that organizations have underlying potential to acquire and sustain the competencies required to achieve the competition advantages in market utilizing the adaptation towards the dynamic capabilities to synchronize with the rapid environmental changes. Segregation applied to the term, dynamic, explains the potential of reconfiguration of business processes to acquire compatibility with the varying market and environmental conditions. While, capabilities, measures the dimensions of strategic management providing betterment in business in the rapid changing economy. This approach is a reflection towards the capability of any organization to innovate and adapt with the transformation in the society demands and resource availability. This framework comprises multiple segments relative to variant processes, positions and path dependencies. Briefing about the first segment, it is appropriate to mention that it describes the methodologies relevant to the patterns, routines and information necessary for a task. Second segment focuses on recent endowments such as technology and external relationships. The path dependencies elaborate on the possible available alternatives in the strategic management for the sustainability. This approach inte grates the resources in the market. An organization should be honed towards the customer demands, which is specific and cannot be replicated. This approach potentially should adapt the advantages to resolve the existing complexities (Teece 2012). n example of the dynamic capabilities witnessed in the real-time business would focus on Apple Company that has the correct learning of evolution and the capable execution, compatible with the changing society demands. Apple is a unique association, which in the recent history has displayed its expertise in the technologically strong items, even not being a leader in this field. This level of talent showcase is valued and appreciated by its customer-base. Sustainable Approach to Strategic Management: The idea of sustainability is another dimension in the strategic management, which is a crucial aspect to maintain a persistent development in the business arena on the global platform. This approach often proves to be abstract in concept of measurements of benefits. A stable financial background of an organization is a direct consequence of a maintained sustainability in an organization (Peteraf et al. 2013). This as a result, provides in the growth of profitability. For a vivid understanding, firstly consider, Cost Savings- referring to a well constructed system inclusive of all possible environmental protection witnessed with a low-level consumption of resources and thus, offering low operations-cost (Govindan et al. 2013). This is not a sole dependent to technologies but is also derived from human interactions, employees and the potential customer-base (Ashby et al. 2012). An example to this would be the increment in sales- correct way towards the sustainability highlights a incr eased growth and productivity simultaneously a developed customer service with a positive and satisfactory response from the same. This helps in the achievement of loyalty from the consumers and therefore, the organization ceases the opportunities to excel in sustained practices. Conclusion: Analyzing the various processes and alternative approaches introduced in the strategic management, pre-briefed in the report, it will be a appropriate to conclude that these prove to be beneficial. However, with the need for regular clarification and examination of various measures and prospective, included in the processes deriving the viability of the approaches and the procedures involved, the described benefits, implementation challenges and the limitations present in the methods. Viability, Limitations and Mitigations of the Approaches: Firstly, briefing on the stakeholders approach it is indeed correct to mention that the model was initially assumed to be comprising of certain flaws, the reason not only surrounding the uncertainty and unpredictability but simultaneously the lack of single-decision making methodology (Balzarova and Castka 2012). Based on the literature reviews it is stated vulnerable compared to the non-shareholder constituencies. This highlights the fact that the shareholders do not posses any right or power to initiate any organizational changes, legally. Researches and analysis recommends the utilization of positive reinforcing cycles that might help in foundation of stronger and corporate stakeholder-based relations (Helfat and Peteraf 2015). The aspect of viability is persistent with implication challenges revolving the area of future researches inclusive of a critical issue of separation theory, which is witnessed to be established more like an ethical rather than a business theory. Secondly, this approach needs to be more generalized with the theory improvisation. Next in concern to dynamic capabilities there is criticism, existing in operational management involved in the same. Algorithmic procedures seem to be lacking to express the translation of the environmental factors into potential in-sighting models. Other limitation to this approach is around the path dependency and the persistent dynamics in the system. Utilization of the current paradigms in the model, there is an essentiality to develop a competence-model, which would be potential to sustain growth relative to the variant changes in the business world. Finally the sustainable approach, it is an important context of concern for any organization holding stakes in the global business infrastructure subjected to changes in society and market risks (Eskerod and Huemann 2013). Any literature review or research based on real-time efforts would recommend the senior-level management to maintain and develop measures towards sustainability of resources and productivity inclusive of the innovative procedures to meet up with the customer demands. Such approaches should be developed more strategically rather than on moral or operational ground is suggested to relate the senior-level management with the prevailing issues. This in turn would be effective in maintaining short-term and long-term goals. References Ashby, A., Leat, M. and Hudson-Smith, M., 2012. Making connections: a review of supply chain management and sustainability literature.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), pp.497-516. Asif, M., Searcy, C., Zutshi, A. and Fisscher, O.A., 2013. An integrated management systems approach to corporate social responsibility.Journal of cleaner production,56, pp.7-17. Balzarova, M.A. and Castka, P., 2012. Stakeholders influence and contribution to social standards development: The case of multiple stakeholder approach to ISO 26000 development.Journal of Business Ethics,111(2), pp.265-279. Barney, J.B., 2012. Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource?based theory.Journal of supply chain management,48(2), pp.3-6. Brodie, M.L. and Mylopoulos, J. eds., 2012.On knowledge base management systems: integrating artificial intelligence and database technologies. Springer Science Business Media. Eskerod, P. and Huemann, M., 2013. Sustainable development and project stakeholder management: what standards say.International Journal of Managing Projects in Business,6(1), pp.36-50. Govindan, K., Khodaverdi, R. and Jafarian, A., 2013. A fuzzy multi criteria approach for measuring sustainability performance of a supplier based on triple bottom line approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,47, pp.345-354. Helfat, C.E. and Peteraf, M.A., 2015. Managerial cognitive capabilities and the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities.Strategic Management Journal,36(6), pp.831-850. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Laudon, K.C., Laudon, J.P., Brabston, M.E., Chaney, M., Hawkins, L. and Gaskin, S., 2012.Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm, Seventh Canadian Edition (7th. Pearson. Lee, K.H. and Saen, R.F., 2012. Measuring corporate sustainability management: A data envelopment analysis approach.International Journal of Production Economics,140(1), pp.219-226. Markard, J., Raven, R. and Truffer, B., 2012. Sustainability transitions: An emerging field of research and its prospects.Research policy,41(6), pp.955-967. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Peteraf, M., Di Stefano, G. and Verona, G., 2013. The elephant in the room of dynamic capabilities: Bringing two diverging conversations together.Strategic management journal,34(12), pp.1389-1410. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Teece, D.J., 2012. Dynamic capabilities: Routines versus entrepreneurial action.Journal of Management Studies,49(8), pp.1395-1401. Wang, Y. and Feng, H., 2012. Customer relationship management capabilities: Measurement, antecedents and consequences.Management Decision,50(1), pp.115-129. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Moral Obligations in Environment

The environment constitutes of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and the atmosphere. Synergy between the four components of the environment is crucial to the stability of the environment. The biosphere constitutes of all living things. The diverse views regarding the ethical approach the human beings should employ to address current environmental issues is a key concern among philosophers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Moral Obligations in Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While some individuals propose the need for humans to incorporate aspects of moral obligation in their interaction with the environment, opponents of the non-anthropocentric environmental ethics consider an anthropocentric system as the only suitable basis for interacting with the environment. An analysis of animal rights, living things and ecological systems illustrates the need for moral obligations in environmental ethics. The moral obligation of human beings arises because all living things have a natural value. The sole condition for the attainment of an intrinsic value is that an element in the environment possesses the characteristics of a living thing. In this regard, other than human beings, other living things in the environment deserve moral respect. Therefore, to revere the worth of all living things, human beings should adopt the non-anthropocentric environmental ethics. The basic concept of the value of a living thing depends on the ability to enjoy benefits or suffer due to unfavourable conditions in the environment (Williston 2012, p.57). Thus, the growth and development of all elements in the biosphere is subject to human activities. An appropriate ecological system determines the existence of all living things including humans. The lack of an ecological equilibrium increases the vulnerability of living things to unfavourable environmental factors. The adoption of the non-anthropocentri c environmental ethics is crucial to the sustenance of ecological equilibrium. Moral obligation incorporates moral rights and aspects of being morally considerable. Although human beings are the only sentient beings and thus have the greatest degree of moral standing in the environment, they should interact with the environment without being morally inconsiderate. Despite the fact that it is difficult to measure the level of pleasure or pain that some living things such as trees experience due to human activities, the non-anthropocentric environmental ethics ensure that human beings do not violated the moral standing of other living things. Anything with wants and needs has a moral standing (Williston 2012, p.115). Living things such as trees need water, light and nutrients. In this regard, human beings have an obligation to uphold moral respect when interacting with the environment. The observable strive by living things to grow and develop clearly illustrates the need of the non-a nthropocentric environmental ethics to create an accommodative environment.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The perception of land has always been in terms of its economic use. In this regard, the interaction between human beings and land often overlooks aspects of land ethics. Personal or community land that does not possess economic value is subject to human destructions. Areas such as wet lands, dunes and deserts lack the key factors that prohibit human beings from destroying land. However, evaluating land in terms of its role in sustaining ecological equilibrium introduces the need for a non-anthropocentric approach on the valuation of land. Land, irrespective of its economic value, plays a key role in the sustenance of biological production and resources used by living things. In this regard, the lack of moral obligation in human beings when interacting with land amou nts to a violation of the moral standing of living things. Because land is a key element in the ecological system, it shares the same level of ecological value awarded to plants and animals. Thus, since human beings have a moral obligation towards plants and animals, they should observe the non-anthropocentric environmental ethics when interacting with land. Land ethics promote sustainable human practices that ensure the management and use of natural resources expands to incorporate the definition of a moral community. In this regard, the value human beings attach to land should incorporate love, respect and admiration. Amoral community eliminates the aspect of superiority granted to human beings so that they become members of a large biotic community. Promoting proper interconnection between the lithosphere and biosphere requires the adoption of the non-anthropocentric environmental ethic (Williston 2012, p.213). Moral inconsideration towards land poses various threats to members o f the biosphere. Thus, benefits or damages to land due to inconsiderate human activities are likely to replicate in the biosphere and thus affect the sustenance of moral obligation even among human beings. The biosphere greatly benefits the lithosphere and thus the two components of the environment should work in synergy. Concepts of moral obligation towards land apply to the protection of the hydrosphere and atmosphere. These two components of the environment are crucial in the sustenance of ecological equilibrium. Pollutants have adverse effects on the sustenance of growth and development of living things. Thus, human activities that introduce harmful component in the environment disregard the value of other living things.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Moral Obligations in Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Adopting the non-anthropocentric environmental ethics ensures that the interconnection of va rious components of the environment does not hamper growth and development, which is a key obligation for human beings. Although environmental conservation enhances aspects of class differences and thus hampers the focus on the elimination of human dominance in a biotic community, it is a key role for human beings considering their level of consciousness. The implementation of the non-anthropocentric environmental ethics does not mean that human beings should relinquish their roles and status in the ecosystem. However, they should operate within a framework that recognizes the value of all the components of the environment. The interdependence of the components of the environment means that human beings cannot survive by sustaining their moral obligation only to fellow humans. Ecological equilibrium is sustainable if human perceptions of the environment promote the recognition of individual organisms and their dependence on other components of the environment. A non-anthropocentric approach promotes the realization that organisms in an ecosystem are interdependent, and that human beings cannot exist in disregard to the moral rights and moral standing of other things in the environments. Conclusion Respecting living things involves supporting their growth and development. Protecting the worth of living things does not mean that human beings should desist from activities such as eating. The non-anthropocentric environmental ethics promote the concept of cooperation amongst various components of the environment to sustain ecological equilibrium. The sustenance of a symbiotic relationship between living things eliminates the idea of dominance, which increases human tendency towards moral inconsideration. Human beings have a greater role in promoting and protecting growth and development because they have the highest degree of rationality among all components of the environment. Human activities should consider the impacts of the interconnection of various componen ts in the environment to avoid infringing on the value and moral standing of all living things. Reference List Williston, B. 2012, Environmental ethics for Canadians, Don Mills, Oxford University Press: Don Mills, Ont. This essay on Moral Obligations in Environment was written and submitted by user Brooke C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on To Autumn

In the poem â€Å"To Autumn†, by John Keats, there are three stanzas, which are almost like three different poems in one. The first stanza describes summer, the next fall, and the last is looking for spring. In the first stanza, Keats begins to describe summer. He doesn’t tell you this right away, but from the wording and the metaphors you can figure it out. â€Å"Seasons of mists and mellow fruitfulness,† which is summer, â€Å"Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun,† which is saying that summer and sun go together. The entire wording in this first stanza makes summer sound like a person and really gives it a personality. Saying that summer and the sun are going to decide how and how much each plant will grow or bare fruit. They are the bestest of friends and will decide the fate of how nature is going to happen. Will this plant bare the most fruit, or will this one? But then they will decide when summer will end, â€Å"For Summer has o’er-brimmed their clammy cells.† When nature has had too much, that is. In the second stanza of John Keats’ poem â€Å"To Autumn†, the topic switches to autumn. How ironic. â€Å"Who hath not seen thee†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he asks. Where is Autumn? â€Å"Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind,† is such a greatly worded line. Here, the author is talking about Autumn, again like a person like he did with Summer. Keats is saying he Autumn has hair, and that Autumn’s hair is a billowing cloud of straw. Now, this isn’t what he is saying that happens really, it’s just a metaphor. But such a beautiful way to describe a season! Autumn is surrounded with the smell of poppies, and twined flowers. Autumn lays its head across a brook, or on a cider-press, and watches as it slowly fades away and becomes the next season, Spring. The last stanza, Keats describes the songs of Spring. A little different than the first two stanzas where he was describing the actual seasons. Instead of the season Spring, it’s the son... Free Essays on To Autumn Free Essays on To Autumn In the poem â€Å"To Autumn†, by John Keats, there are three stanzas, which are almost like three different poems in one. The first stanza describes summer, the next fall, and the last is looking for spring. In the first stanza, Keats begins to describe summer. He doesn’t tell you this right away, but from the wording and the metaphors you can figure it out. â€Å"Seasons of mists and mellow fruitfulness,† which is summer, â€Å"Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun,† which is saying that summer and sun go together. The entire wording in this first stanza makes summer sound like a person and really gives it a personality. Saying that summer and the sun are going to decide how and how much each plant will grow or bare fruit. They are the bestest of friends and will decide the fate of how nature is going to happen. Will this plant bare the most fruit, or will this one? But then they will decide when summer will end, â€Å"For Summer has o’er-brimmed their clammy cells.† When nature has had too much, that is. In the second stanza of John Keats’ poem â€Å"To Autumn†, the topic switches to autumn. How ironic. â€Å"Who hath not seen thee†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he asks. Where is Autumn? â€Å"Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind,† is such a greatly worded line. Here, the author is talking about Autumn, again like a person like he did with Summer. Keats is saying he Autumn has hair, and that Autumn’s hair is a billowing cloud of straw. Now, this isn’t what he is saying that happens really, it’s just a metaphor. But such a beautiful way to describe a season! Autumn is surrounded with the smell of poppies, and twined flowers. Autumn lays its head across a brook, or on a cider-press, and watches as it slowly fades away and becomes the next season, Spring. The last stanza, Keats describes the songs of Spring. A little different than the first two stanzas where he was describing the actual seasons. Instead of the season Spring, it’s the son...

Should teenagers commit violate crimes be tried and sentence has an Essay

Should teenagers commit violate crimes be tried and sentence has an adult - Essay Example These young ones do not know the real meaning of crime and thus fall in the trap. What they must be told is how to get rid of such practices for their own betterment. Having said that there is absolutely no reason as to why these teenagers should not be held accountable for their deeds, good or bad. It is about time the society discerns the manner in which the teenagers fall in the holds of crime and thus destroy their proper growth regimes. They find solace form actions which have little significance on their lives and in essence remain in oblivion in more ways than one. It would be destructive on their part to part with their studies and work domains, and concentrate on usurping money and material possessions from the poor and needy, and in some cases from pedestrians, passengers and even household members. Crime knows nothing positive within its folds and thus these teenagers find wrongdoings as a part of their thrill and adventure – an absolute wrath for any society in essence. Therefore the teenagers must be taken to task and punished in accordance with the laws and regulations of the society. They should be sentenced much like the adults and thus their development basis needs to be judged in a manner which is quite similar to that of the adults. These teenagers will grow up and become adults themselves and this will happen pretty soon in the future. Thus it would be for the betterment of the entire society as well as the teenagers themselves if they are kept a check upon their deeds and actions. They must not be let free on the account of committing crimes and playing the ransacking game within the domains of any society. Lastly, there could be some let-offs in the manner the crimes have been committed. The small crimes could always be pardoned off with minor punishments here and there. However the magnitude of the crime must always be the sole criteria for choosing the punishment for the offender.

Modeling Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modeling Evaluation - Essay Example , management, business, and applied psychology are often interested in multivariate relationships among some or all of the variables in a specified model. Incidentally, SEM provides a viable statistical tool for exploring all of these relationships. It should be noted, however, that SEM is largely a confirmatory tool rather than an exploratory procedure (Diomantopoulos, Riefler, & Roth, 2008). This means that SEM will most likely be used by researchers in cases when the validity of a certain model is to be established, rather than it being used to find the appropriate model. Typically, the models being investigated depict processes presumed to underlie values obtained with sample data, and these processes are assumed to result in measures of association, like correlation, among the variables in the model (Ringle, Gotz, Wetzels, & Wilson, 2009). By and large, SEM is largely a â€Å"glorified† regression procedure which, unlike ordinary regression, doesn’t assume that measurement error is zero and can simultaneously estimate parameters representing the whole model rather than just pieces of the model (Ringle, Gotz, Wetzels , & Wilson, 2009). In the model proposed by Williams, Vandenberg, & Edwards (2009), it is greatly emphasized that researchers must give due consideration into the validity of a theory embedded or implied in the proposed measurement since there are many cases when indicators could be viewed as causing rather than being caused by the latent variable measured by the indicators. A latent variable is a variable that cannot be directly observed and must be inferred from measured variables (Burnette & Williams, 2010). In many cases, researchers will not be able to detect all possible causes of error because there may be some which have neither been discussed in prior literature nor revealed by exploratory research (Grace & Bollen). Furthermore, Williams, Vandenberg and Edwards argue that some goodness-of-fit indexes, such as chi-square, are meaningless

Role Of Quantity Surveying Profession Construction Essay

Role Of Quantity Surveying Profession Construction Essay According to Williss Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.1), the role of the quantity surveying has been defined by Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS, 1971) as ensuring that the resources of the construction industry are utilised to the best advantage of society by providing, inter alia, the financial management for projects and a cost consultancy service to the client and designer during the whole construction process. However, the roles of the quantity surveying profession within the contemporary built environment will be discussed as follows: Preliminary cost advice One of the quantity surveyor roles is to ensure that the proposed project is carefully constructed, in terms of costs arising throughout entire design and construction process (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.121). Quantity surveyor also acts to suggest his professional and reliable advices to his client on matter of cost at various stages during the design and construction process. The advices given during inception stage are vital important as the decisions taken in this stage will seriously affect the quality of works to be carried out (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.122). Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.121) stated that the quantity surveyor will offer cost advice for the comparative design solutions of the alternatives materials to be used or the form of construction to be adopted. Quantity surveyor is the recognized professional cost and value consultant, their measurement and valuation knowledge are without equal (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.123). Cost planning According to Williss Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor, Ashworth Hogg (2007, p.126) stated that the cost planning process commences with the preparation of an approximate estimate and then the setting of cost targets for each element. As the design evolves, these cost targets are checked against the developing design and details for any changes in their financial allocations. Quantity surveying profession under this aspect will require the quantity surveyor to allocate the approximate estimated costs into subdivisions, known as elements within a building. Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.122) stated that These elements costs can be compared against the element costs of other similar projects from the quantity surveyors cost library records. The purpose is to provide a better value of money for client. It also keeps the designer fully informed of all the cost implications of the design. Quantity surveyor might also try to reduce the estimated costs by simplifying the details without modifying the design. Besides, contract document will also be prepared on this basic to make the preparation of cost analysis easier. Cost planning will be developed and while taking account of appearance, quality and utility, the cost is planned to be within the economic boundary (Willis, Ashworth Willis, 1994, p.95) Procurement and tendering procedures It is important that quantity surveying profession to be applied during this stage. As stated by Ashworth and Hogg (2007, pp.237-238), role of quantity surveying profession in this aspect will include as follows: Recommending an organizational structure for the proposed development of a project (Ashworth Hogg, 2007) Advising on the appointment of the various consultants and contractors in the knowledge of the information provided by the employer (Ashworth Hogg, 2007) Managing the information and coordinating the work of the different parties (Ashworth Hogg, 2007) Selecting the methods for the appointment of consultants and contractors (Ashworth Hogg, 2007) Determining the employers requirement in terms of time, cost and quality (Ashworth Hogg, 2007) Assessing the viability of the project and providing advice in respect of funding and taxation advantages (Ashworth Hogg, 2007) Quantity surveyor plays a crucial role to provide appropriate advices on the method of procurement to be used for clients who wish to undertake construction work (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.237). There are various procurement methods to deal with the different demand and various situation, client should not select an inappropriate form of procurement unwittingly (Ashworth Hogg, 2007). Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.237) stated that Quantity surveyors are in an excellent position as procurement managers with their specialist knowledge of constructions and contractual procedures. They are able to appraise the characteristic of the competing methods that might be appropriate and to match these with the particular needs and aspirations of the employer. Hence, clients are advised to seek for quantity surveyor for relevant and reliable advices or recommendation before making their final decisions. Due to this, advices and recommendation provided by quantity surveyor must be independently without the intrusion of individual bias and self-interest (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.237). Contract documentation Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.243) stated that When the choice of form of contract has been decided, the next step is the preparation of the documents that will accompany the signed form of contract. The contract documents for any construction will normally include the following information: Contract drawings It includes plans, elevations and cross section. Some other additional details will also be prepared based on the complexity of the project. This will provide information for the client to get the idea of architects or engineers design intentions. The contract drawings are normally provided by architect and engineer (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, pp.243-244). However, the role of quantity surveyor is to collect the drawings and any specifications from the architect and at the same time discuss the job. There is however some more detailed questions will arise, therefore a timetable for the completion of the contract bills will be agreed, along with dates when additional detailed information and drawings can be expected (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.259) Contract bills Quantity surveyor will involve in preparation of contract bills. Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.258) stated that The appointment of the quantity surveyor is likely to have been made at early stage when early price estimates were under consideration. This may be before any drawings are available, in order to provide some cost advice to the client. Due to this, quantity surveyor will normally be needed except for on a very small project, the demand for the profession of quantity surveyor might only to be eliminated (Ashworth and Hogg, 2007, p.258). Besides, there is a condition for contractor who wishes to submit tenders in competition to provide approximate quantities required for particular works. Therefore, quantity surveying firms are then sometimes involved in preparing approximate quantities depending upon the completeness of the drawings and other information from which it was prepared contractors (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.258). Articles of agreement Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.246) stated that This is the part of the contract which the parties sign. The contract is between the employer (building owner) and the contractor (building contractor). The blank spaces in the articles are filled in with the (i) names of employer, contractor, architect and quantity surveyor; (ii) date of the signing of the contract; (iii) location and nature of the work; (iv) list of the contract drawings; (v) amount of the contract sum. Condition of contract The condition of contract includes the contractors obligation to carry out the work shown on the drawings and described in the bills to the satisfaction of the architect. They cover the matter of quality of work, cost time, nominated supplies and subcontractors insurances, fluctuation and VAT. (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.246) Appendix Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.246) stated that The Contract Particulars for the Conditions of Contract include that part of the contract which is peculiar to the particular project in question. It includes key information, for example, on the start and completion dates, the periods of interim payment and the length of the rectification period for which the contractor is responsible. Evaluation of tenders Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.274) stated that In public authorities, tenders will probably be addressed to the secretary or principal chief officer. With private clients they are usually forwarded to the architect or the quantity surveyor. On the due date for receipt of tenders, the envelopes received will be counted to check that they have all been received, prior to being openend. Quantity surveyor will then prepare a list of the tendered amounts after the envelopes are opened. Preliminary examination will be made after that to ascertain which tenders will be taken into consideration for acceptance. A fuller report will be made later by the quantity surveyor (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.274). Besides, according to Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.274), the architect will rely extensively on quantity surveyor for advice on these matters. A report will be made for the client, setting out clearly the arguments in favour of acceptance of one tender or another. Quantity surveyor will have to check and examine for the copy of the priced bills submitted by those tenderer who is under consideration (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.275). Financial reporting and interim payments, cash-flow forecasting According to Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.286) JCT 2005 makes clear duty of the clients quantity surveyor in this respect (clause 4.11): Interim valuations shall be made by the quantity surveyor whenever the architect or contract administrator considers them necessary for the purpose of ascertaining the amount to be started as due in Interim Certificate. Ashworth and Hogg (2007) stated that Most construction projects encountered by the surveyor will have contractual provision for the payment of the contractor for work done, at regular intervals during the contract period. Between the date of the first interim certificate and the practical completion certificate, interim certificates have to be issued by quantity surveyor at a certain intervals stated in the contract particulars. It is the responsibility of quantity surveyor to calculate the amount for the interim payments during each interval (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, pp.286-287). A professional quantity surveyor should always aware that there are conditions for employer to prevent the employer getting penalties and punishments and quantity surveyor should always provide his or her appropriate advices where necessary (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.288). Besides, clients generally desire the final cost of a project to be no more than contract sum. Due to this, it is the role of clients quantity surveyor to try to manage the costs by monitoring the design and site development and provide his professional advices of the likely impacts and remedies (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.302). It is also necessary for quantity surveyor to review all the correspondence and meeting issued on the project in order to identify the potential cost implications. Monthly financial reports will normally be required to advise the client of the anticipated outturn costs (Ashworth Hogg, 2007). Cash-flow forecasts report will be prepared in association with the contractor since it will be greatly influenced by the intended programme of works. Cash-flow forecasts are used as a basis upon which to arrange project finance and monitoring the progress of works (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.305). Final accounting Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.310) stated that The majority of construction projects result in a final cost that is different to that agreed by the client and contractor at commencement of the construction works. The calculation and agreement of this final construction cost, the final account, is usually of the utmost important to both the employer and contractor. Therefore, parties to the contract need to ensure that the final account incorporates a fair valuation of the works carried out. In this aspect, the quantity surveyor will decide on the suitable subdivisions into terms that will be adopted into the account prior to any abstracting or bill remeasurements. As the list of variations develops, quantity surveyor will be able to decide on how to group them. For example, there may be one instruction from the architect for increasing the size of storage tanks, another for the omission of a drinking water point and a third for the addition of three lavatory basins. Each of these will b e measured as a separate item, but the quantity surveyor might decide to group these together as variations on plumbing. It is preferably to highlight the reason for variation in cost report to acknowledge the client on reasons of the costs changed. (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, pp.315-316) Settlement of contractual disputes Quantity surveyors involved themselves in contractual disputes either in litigation in the courts, in arbitration or in alternative dispute resolution cases (ADR) cases. They sometimes involve themselves as witness of fact or expert witness, adjudicators, arbitrators or mediators in ADR cases (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.353) Project management Financial expertise of quantity surveyors make them ideally suited to project management services. According to Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.376), project management provides the important management function of bringing the project team together and may be defined as The overall planning, coordination and control of a project from inception to completion, aimed at meeting a clients requirements in order to produce a functionally viable project that will be completed on time within authorized cost and to the required quality standards. (CIOB 2002) Quantity surveyor sometimes take overall control and responsibility of for coordinating the activities of the various contractors, subcontractors, processes and procedures for the full duration of the project (Ashworth Hogg, 2007) Ashworth and Hogg (2007) stated that The skills of the quantity surveyor traditionally included measurement and valuation and to these were later added accounting and negotiation. As the profession evolved, quantity surveying profession were extended to forecasting, analyzing, planning, controlling, evaluating, budgeting, problem solving and modeling. The quantity surveyor knowledge has also been developed by a better understanding of the design and construction process (Ashworth Hogg, 2007).

Procurement in Project Management Essay -- selection process of supplie

Procurement in the main stream of the business world is to ensure organizations has the proper necessities for the selections process of the suppliers. Procurements within an organization helps to develop the right tools necessary when selecting and maintaining performance criteria, speciation’s and defines the terms and conditions in an organization. As set forth by the company the procurement area of the company conveys and develops the necessary values and mission with an in organization. In looking further into the importance of procurements we can determine the alternative methods to procurement, the methods necessary to keep procurement in order and the overall value of procurement with in management project. Procurement within a project can help organizations create and develop the right elements necessary to obtaining goods and services. In which, allows organization to help streamline the buying process, while making sure the good and services adhere with the market conditions at the present time. As stated by Sollish and Semanik (2012) â€Å"Supply and demand continually drive process up and down. As economic conditions change, demand increases or declines, generating shortages or excesses in supply or decreased demand (or combinations) generally lead to reduced prices.† Understanding the market gives the organization the knowledge necessary to making the right buying decisions. Ultimately, the organization has the buying power to take advantage of reduces prices within the markets. Also, gives the organizations the ability to negotiate prices with the suppliers to reduce or maintain cost. Having the right procurement process can thoroughly examine and define the requirements and understand the company objectives and underst... ...ion even though risk might apply. All in all, procurement is an important part of any organization it gives the organization the necessary factors to help gain the knowledge of market conditions, competition and the overall essential conditions to keep an organization in line with the companies mission, vision and the overall objectives of an organizations wish to obtain. Learning and gaining knowledge to help avoid mistakes in executed project management. Works Cited Heaton, B. (2012).Transforming Procurement: Will iPads Replace Binders?. Retrieved http://www.governing.com/blogs/view/gov-will-ipads-replace-binders.html Kumar, A. (2013).Apple’s Procurement Strategy. Retrieved http://spendmatters.com/2013/06/04/apples-procurement-strategy/ Sollish, F.B., & Semanik, J. (2012).The procurement and supply manager’s desk reference. Hoboken, NJ: JohnWiley & Sons, Inc.

Example of Six-Step Decision Plan

Rainier Joseph S. Viacrucis. MBA-1 Managerial Decision Making Using the six-step Decision-Making process: 1. Identifying the Problem and its details: a. A teenager is asking his/her parents to buy a high-end gadget that is the trend/must-have of his/her generation (ex. I-phone or I-pad) as a present for his/her birthday b. The teenager is given an allowance of 200 pesos per school day. c. The family is living on a budget, and is cutting its cost – the parents do not want to spend beyond the allowance of the teenager. d. There are possible part-time jobs available though there are no known detailed facts on them. TASK: Help the parents decide on the best solution to the situation/ what to do in the situation. 2. Developing Possible Alternatives: a. Buy Gadget – Buy the gadget immediately; since it is the birthday of their child; he/she will only be a child once in a lifetime, this will show that you really care about him/her. b. Reward System – Negotiation of a reward system for better grades or exam results. The exams results or better grades must be worth the reward. . Buy Gadget Substitute – Parents can by a substitute of the high-end gadget; which may look like the real thing or have the same functionality with the popular one but with a much lower price. d. Garage sale proceeds – The parent and teenager can agree to sell old items of the teenager via â€Å"Garage Sale† and the proceeds of the endeavor will be used to buy the gadget the teenager wants. e. Part-T ime Job – The teenager can opt to do a part-time job. It may take time to gather up the money needed to buy the gadget. f. Installment Payment of the Gadget – The parents can buy the gadget via â€Å"installment basis† and will cut-off the allowance for a significant amount which will be used to pay/help pay the monthly installment. g. Matching Savings (50/50 savings) – The parent will match the amount of savings per day of the teenager and will deposit the amount to the bank for safekeeping, while the teenager can have the passbook and have a joint signatory with his/her parent. h. Payment by Service – in-house part-time job of the teenager. . Don’t Buy The Gadget – Let the teenager understand that you are living on a budget, and he/she must do his/her part. Make him/her see that the gadget he/she wants to buy is unnecessary. 3. Evaluating the Possible Alternatives: a. Buy Gadget – â€Å"We’ll buy it! Happy birthday†¦ we love you! † i. Positive: The parents can make the teenager know that they care for him/her. ii. Negative: The gesture will just spoil the teenager; he/she will not know the value of money/the gadget bought. iii. Negative: The Family is on a budget; expenses should only be on very necessary items – the gadget is more of a luxury the family can’t afford in this day and age. b. Reward System – â€Å"Good Job! Here’s your Reward! † i. Positive: The teenager will give additional effort in his/her studies and other activities. ii. Positive: The teenager will value more the gadget, since he/she worked hard in studying or do well in other activities to get it. iii. Positive: The System will encourage good behavior and more productive activities. iv. Negative: What if there is no reward? The reward will be the motivation of the teenager and this will complicate relationships, especially when the parent can’t deliver the assumed reward. v. Negative: could foster an unhealthy reliance on adult opinion instead of forming their own because they are constantly looking for reaffirmation or approval via an adult mandated award system. c. Buy Gadget Substitute – â€Å"Here†¦ It has the same features, but it’s more practical†¦Ã¢â‚¬  i. Positive: If the Teenager can well understand the situation of the family-being on budget; he/she will appreciate that he/she was still bought a gadget of the similar functions. i. Positive: The teenager will know the value of money. iii. Positive: the teenager will learn to be content on simpler things. iv. Negative: since the teenager knows that the gadget is cheaper, he/she will not value/take care the gadget. v. Negative: the teenager may become disappointed that he/she is only given a substitute of the one he/she wants. d. Garage Sale Proceeds – â€Å"To buy what you want, you must sell what you don’t need. † i. Positive: The teenager will value the object, since he lost something he had in order to get it. i. Positive: The teenager’s skill in selling items will be exercised – he is practicing to be a new entrepreneur. iii. Positive: The teenager’s room will be more in order. iv. Negative: What if the teenager’s want is not moral/not good? – He/she will sell what he/she has just to get it. Even worse, he/she may sell all the items in your house. v. Negative: Sense of Sentimental value for things will not be recognized by the teenager. e. Part-time job – â€Å"If you really want it, you must work for it. † i. Positive: It gives the sense of independence to the teenager. ii. Positive: The teenager will learn the skills of Time Management. iii. Positive: The teenager will have his/her own source of income. iv. Positive: He/she will learn the value of money – he/she will learn that it is not easy to obtain/earn it. v. Negative: It will be hard for the teenager to focus on his/her studies. vi. Negative: he/she will be tempted to drop out of school, since he/she has already started to earn money. vii. Negative: He/she will be stressed in handling both schools and work. . Installment payment of Gadget – â€Å"You’ll pay for it over a period of time with part of your allowance. † i. Positive: You can put it in your budget. Instead of paying the full amount, you can pay for it over the period of time. ii. Positive: Some networks/Company offers bundles including their service (Post Paid plans of Networks) iii. Positive: The teenager will learn how to budget his finances . iv. Negative: The interest is high when you pay for an item in an installment basis. v. Negative: The teenager may learn of other ways to earn money (which may not be good) – to compensate for the cut in allowance. g. Matching savings – â€Å"I’ll match what you save, so we can buy it. † i. Positive: It gives a sense of partnership between the teenager and the parents. ii. Positive: It teaches the teenager the value of savings. iii. Negative: He/she will be more eager to save; he/she may sacrifice his/her basic needs just to buy the item. iv. Negative: He/she may not exert more effort to extra-curricular activities which could enhance his skills and knowledge. . Negative: Since the teenager is saving, He/she may not mingle more with friends who could hurt the development of his/her social skills. h. Payment by service – â€Å"I’ll buy it, but you’ll have to do this†¦. † i. Positive: The teenager will learn that you need to do something before you can have something. ii. Positive: The teenager will learn how to be patient. iii. Positive: Teenager will learn the basic household skills which are very important in the future. iv. Negative: The teenager will not do anything inside the house if not paid/rewarded of some kind. . Negative: There will be no sense of responsibility for the child – since he/she will do the household chores for a price. i. Don’t Buy The Gadget – â€Å"We don’t need it, we must buy only necessary things† i. Positive: If the teenager will understand that they are in a budget – he/she will learn the value of thriftiness and buying only the necessary things. ii. Positive: The Money will be used to buy more necessary items. iii. Negative: If the teenager will not understand – the teenager may be disappointed and could ruin their relationship 4. Recommendation of An alternative (or Make the Decision) My recommendation is more of a combination of different Alternatives stated above. First is having a conversation with the teenager, it is very necessary to make him understand the situation – the family is on a budget. Second, it is also essential that the teenager has a part in buying the gadget – he/she must have a contribution, preferably money he/she earned. Third, the deal must be designed in a way that establishes more trust between the parents and the teenager, as well as prepare for his/her future. My recommendation is the Matching Savings Alternative combined with Part-time alternative – this motivates the teenager, as well as teaches him to save and to budget his finances. Having the Matching savings alternative minimizes the pressure to the teenager in his work, while the Part-time alternative minimizes the pressure of saving and sacrificing the school day allowance. This combination establishes a partnership between them, as well as teaching the teenager the important mindset and skills he will need in the future. Also this kind of joint venture could work for any other project and/or for his future needs. . What is required for the Alternative (Implementation of the Decision) To implement the combination, you must help the teenager find a part-time job, one that does not conflict with his studies – weekends. You will also want to open an account with the bank; some banks have these kinds of accounts (ex. WISE account of RCBC)- Joint account, while giving the custody of the passbook to the teenager – as a sign of trust. 6. How to Monitor Solution/What are the possible effects of the Alternative (Monitor you solution): It is very important to monitor/tract the progress of the solution, especially for this combination. The monitoring control could either be the weekly or monthly deposit of the Matching savings alternative – check to see whether the money is already enough; this recurring activity could also serve as a bonding moment between the parents and the teenager which could deepen the relationship. It is also very essential that the parent will motivate the teenager from time to time especially with him/her having a part-time job – on the road to his/her independence.

Dentist Career Essay - 690 Words

Dentist Career Dentistry is a career in healthcare that works in the mouth. Dentists are trained to diagnose, prevent, and treat various problems associated with teeth and mouth tissue. It is the job of the dentist to be fully aware of different types of dental problems and be able to recognize those problems through analyzing x-rays, as well as visual variation between individual mouths. The primary focus of dental care is to teach prevention to its patients of how to prevent gum disease, tooth loss, etc. It is the job of the dentist to closely monitor the mouth using various instruments and to properly suggest treatment depending on the diagnosis. All dentists go through at least eight years of schooling after high school and earn†¦show more content†¦Dentistry is broken down into several fields of specialization. Orthodontics deals with the straightening of the teeth and perfecting the bite. Periodontics deals with gum disease and bone loss. Endodontics which specializes in root canals. Oral and maxillofacial surgery which deals with larger surgeries of the mouth and jaw. prosthodontics which specializes in replacing missing teeth with permanent fixtures, and pediodontics which specializes in children’s dentistry. Once out of school, dentists will often shadow a dentist already in practice. Whether this means becoming a partner in the practice or just learning the tricks of the trade, it is not uncommon for an already practicing dentist to become a mentor to a recent graduate. For those recent graduates that are not ready to open their own practice, healthcare networks often offer dental jobs in smaller cities and the Air Force offers dental jobs all over the United States. It was discovered that dentists generally work on an average of four to five days a week. Dentists work considerably more hours when their practice is newly developing. Almost all dentists work in a private dental practice with a small number of staff including hygienists, assistants, and front office personnel. Dentists are expected to provide insurance and benefits to all of their employees. In the year 2002 dentists held about 152,000 jobs . This number continues to increase as the demand for dental careShow MoreRelatedAnalyses of a Career as a Dentist1987 Words   |  8 PagesDentists are often thought of as people to be feared. Most people try to put off going to the dentist until their teeth hurt so much that they have no choice but to visit the feared dental office. Waiting for pain in the mouth or gums before visiting a dentist is one of the worst things a person can do. Paul J. 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